How to Present well

Organization

· Have a very clear introduction, to motivate what you do and to present the problem you want to solve. The introduction is not technical in nature, but strategic (i.e. why this problem, big idea).

· If you have a companion paper, mention it during the talk and recommend it for more details. Don't put all the details in the talk. Present only the important ones.

· Use only one idea per slide.

· Have a good conclusions slide: put there the main ideas, the ones you really want people to remember. Use only one "conclusions" slide.

· The conclusion slide should be the last one. Do not put other slides after conclusions, as this will weaken their impact.

· Having periodic "talk outline" slides (to show where you are in the talk) helps, especially for longer talks. At least one "talk outline" slide is very useful, usually after the introduction.

· Don't count on the audience to remember any detail from one slide to another (like color-coding, applications you measure, etc.). If you need it remembered, re-state the information a second time.

· Especially if you have to present many different things, try to build a unifying thread. The talk should be sequential in nature (i.e. no big conceptual leaps from one slide to the next).

· Try to cut out as much as possible; less is better.

· Help the audience understand where you are going. Often it's best to give them a high-level overview first, and then plunge into the details; then, while listening to the details they can relate to the high-level picture and understand where you are. This also helps them save important brain power for later parts of the talk which may be more important.

Text

· Slides should have short titles. A long title shows something is wrong.

· Use uniform capitalization rules.

· All the text on one slide should have the same structure (e.g. complete phrases, idea only, etc.).

· Put very little text on a slide; avoid text completely if you can. Put no more than one idea per slide (i.e. all bullets should refer to the same thing). If you have lots of text, people will read it faster than you talk, and will not pay attention to what you say.

· Don't use small fonts.

· Use very few formulas (one per presentation). The same goes for program code (at most one code fragment per presentation).

· Do not put useless graphics on each slide: logos, grids, affiliations, etc.

· Spell-check. A spelling mistake is an attention magnet.

Illustrations

· Use suggestive graphical illustrations as much as possible. Don't shun graphical metaphors. Prefer an image to text. In my presentations I try to have 80% of the slides with images.

· Do not put in the figures details you will not mention explicitly. The figures should be as schematic as possible (i.e. no overload of features).

· Do not "waste" information by using unnecessary colors. Each different color should signify something different, and something important. Color-code your information if you can, but don't use too many different colors. Have high-contrast colors.

· A few real photos related to your subject look very cool (e.g. real system, hardware, screen-shots, automatically generated figures, etc.). Real photos are much more effective during the core of the talk than during the intro. I hate talks with a nice picture during the introduction and next only text; they open your appetite and then leave you hungry.

· For some strange reason, rectangles with shadows seem to look much better than without (especially if there are just a few in the figure).

· Sometimes a matte pastel background looks much better than a white one.

· Exploit animation with restraint. Do not use fancy animation effects if not necessary.

· However, there are places where animation is extremely valuable, e.g., to depict the evolution of a complex system, or to introduce related ideas one by one.

· Use strong colors for important stuff, pastel colors for the unimportant.

· Encode information cleverly: e.g. make arrow widths showing flows proportional to the flow capacity.

· Use thick lines in drawings (e.g. 1 1/2 points or more).